Optogenetics is a technique for controlling neuronal activity and signalling with light. It works by genetically targeting neurons to express light-sensitive ion channels and pumps. When these opsins are stimulated with particular wavelengths of light, they control the flow of ions across neuronal membranes, depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the cells. https://hallbook.com.br/blogs/497697/How-Optogenetics-is-Revolutionizing-Neuroscience-Research-Uncovering-Neural-Circuits-and#google_vignette